The book's red fox, and it sets no binomial. 1-179 names the two foxes together — "the most important are the white and the red fox" — and makes this the scarcer: Vulpes lagopus is "much more numerous," while the red "also lives all along the Arctic and Pacific coasts."

Black fox, cross fox and gray fox are this animal as well: colour morphs the fur trade graded and priced apart, not species. 3-171's table sets one black fox at twenty red and one gray at two, and 1-078's fair returns count all three in one line. Which morph a given "gray fox" was is not recoverable from the page and nothing here decides it — only that the animal under all four words is one.

A reader should not read gray fox as the modern English one: that names Urocyon cinereoargenteus, which is North American and does not occur in the country the book describes.

Bare fox stays on Vulpes, which is where a mention that names no colour belongs.