Mongoloids

shares a form with Mongols

⚠ Race, skull measurement, and what replaced them

Bogoras describes the people of this book in the vocabulary of nineteenth-century physical anthropology — cephalic indices, faces "strongly Mongolian in outline", bodies measured against those of "Caucasians". That framework is not a superseded answer so much as a superseded question. The traits it measured do not partition human populations into types, and where northeast Siberians came from is now read from genomes and from linguistic reconstruction instead: see Sikora et al., "The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene" and Flegontov et al., "Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America".

Worth knowing before reading chapter II as its author's racial theory: it is not one. The Jesup North Pacific Expedition was designed and directed by Franz Boas, whose programme set historical contact against race as the explanation of why peoples resemble each other, and Bogoras's comparisons here run consistently in one direction — narrowing the distance between the Chukchee and Europeans rather than widening it.

The racial type of turn-of-the-century anthropometry, and in this book a description of features rather than of anyone: a nose with a low bridge (1-055), a face "strongly Mongolian in outline," which Bogoras reports as commoner among the women than the men (1-056). The word is never a name for a group of people here — it modifies a nose or a profile.

What the category is worth, and what this edition does and does not claim by recording it, is Physical anthropology. The Mongols are a real people and a separate entry; the book spells both Mongolian.

part of	Physical anthropology

Physical anthropology people2 below
- Mongoloids people

form
Mongolian		the racial type; at 1-197 it is Mongols

mentioned on 3 of 717 page(s), 4 time(s):

1-055 uncollated , well-shaped, and even aquiline, though noses with the lowMongolianbridge are also frequently met with, especially among the w
1-056 uncollated Faces stronglyMongolianin outline are more frequent among the women, though many a
1-197 uncollated at least among the Reindeer Chukchee, and perhaps also theMongolianrelease, if we may judge from the occurrence of the thumb-g